Mary Nazzal PharmD, Melanie Dorey R.Ph.T and Kate Douglass MS, RN
November 11th, 2024
In recent years, intravenous (IV) therapy has surged in popularity. It is marketed as a quick fix for everything from hangovers to immune boosts, often in trendy settings like hydration clinics and mobile IV buses. However, before considering this seemingly amazing treatment, it’s crucial to understand its potential dangers and why it might not be as beneficial as claimed.
Lack of FDA Approval and Regulation
One of the most significant concerns surrounding these types of IV therapy is the lack of FDA approval for many of these treatments. Unlike medications and therapies that undergo rigorous testing and approval, IV therapy offered by boutique clinics often lacks evidence that it is safe and effective. This absence of oversight means the ingredients in IV bags and the qualifications of those preparing the IV bags and/or administering them can vary widely, posing potential risks to your health.
Potential Complications of IV Therapy
While IV therapy has been demonstrated to be safe in clinical settings with trained professionals involved, the risks increase when performed in unregulated environments. Here are some dangers that may be associated with these treatments provided in non-traditional, unregulated environments:
1. Infection:
· Infections can occur at the site where the needle punctures the skin.
· Infection can spread to the bloodstream if proper aseptic and sterilization techniques aren't followed.
· Infections can range from minor to life-threatening, emphasizing the importance of hygiene and expert administration.
2. Physical Complications:
· While minor side effects include pain, swelling, and bruising, more severe physical complications can occur, such as:
Phlebitis | Inflammation of the vein wall |
Infiltration | Fluid from the IV leaks into the tissue outside the vein |
Extravasation | Fluid from the IV leaks into the tissue outside of the vein, and the IV fluid creates pain/damage |
Nerve Injury | Improper needle placement can irritate and damage a nerve |
Hematoma | Blood leaks out of the vein and causes swelling in the tissues under the skin |
· Even more severe complications can include:
Bloodstream infections | Infections in the bloodstream can grow very quickly and sometimes require urgent medical attention. |
Electrolyte imbalances | Extra fluids in the vein can disrupt the body’s natural balance and cause too high or low levels of normal body chemicals like sodium (salt) or potassium. |
Heart issues | Irregular heart beats and even cardiac arrest can result from the infusion of fluids given too rapidly or the body’s sensitivity to chemicals in the IV. |
3. Allergic Reactions: Infused vitamins or other compounds can cause mild to severe allergic reactions. Physical symptoms can range from hives to anaphylaxis, which is life-threatening without immediate intervention.
Unnecessary for Healthy Individuals
For the average healthy individual, even those with a bad hangover, IV therapy is generally unnecessary and, as you can see, can be risky. Most people can obtain hydration, vitamins, and nutrients through a balanced diet and proper hydration. If you feel better after IV therapy, it could be due to the placebo effect, where the power of suggestion rather than actual physiological changes makes you feel improved. You also may feel better with an infusion of liquids, say after a night partying, but you are taking risks that are not warranted. You could feel better just by working hard to take in fluids by drinking them.
What You Should Ask Before Receiving IV Therapy
If you're considering IV therapy, here are essential questions to ensure your safety and well-being:
Provider Qualifications
Ensure that certified medical professionals, such as licensed physicians, run the clinic. Ask about the experience and qualifications of those compounding and/or administering IV therapy.
Facility Standards
Inquire about regular inspections by health regulators or third-party organizations. This ensures the clinic follows proper protocols for maintaining a special clean environment that is consistent with the standards of the United States Pharmacopeia if they mix (compound) the IV fluids on site. Ask to see inspection reports. Do a Google search of the facility and FDA to see if they have any warning letters or 483s. Does anything stand out as suspicious to you? Ask your primary care provider how they feel about you receiving IVs from these settings. If IV hydration therapy is warranted for a health condition you may be able to receive it at an ambulatory clinic affiliated with your provider and it may be covered by your insurance.
Treatment Details
· Ingredients and Dosages: Ask for a detailed explanation of the IV contents, including specific ingredients and their dosages. Understand the purpose of each component and how it may benefit you.
· Potential Side Effects: Discuss possible side effects and how they're managed. Inquire about any interactions with medications you're currently taking.
· Safety Protocols: Confirm that the clinic has emergency procedures in place for handling adverse reactions. Staff should be trained in CPR and managing allergic responses.
· Sterile Compounding Environment: Request to see the area where IV solutions are prepared. It should be clean, organized, and free of clutter. Staff involved in preparation should follow strict hygiene practices.
· Pre-Treatment Assessment: A reputable clinic will conduct a thorough medical assessment before administering IV therapy. This should include reviewing your medical history, current medications, and any allergies you may have.
Safer Alternatives to IV Therapy
Instead of seeking unregulated IV therapy, consider these safer and more effective alternatives:
· Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.
· Maintain a balanced, nutrient-rich diet.
· Engage in regular physical activity.
· Prioritize quality sleep.
· Manage stress through relaxation techniques or meditation.
Conclusion: Be Informed, Be Safe
While IV therapy may seem like a quick fix for various health concerns, the potential risks may outweigh the unproven benefits, especially for healthy individuals. If you're experiencing ongoing health issues or severe dehydration, it's always best to consult with a qualified healthcare professional rather than visiting an unregulated IV clinic. Your health is too important to gamble on unproven treatments that could do more harm than good.